Zipatala ndi zipatala zimapanga zinyalala zosiyanasiyana zomwe ziyenera kutayidwa tsiku ndi tsiku, komabe si zinyalala zonsezi zomwe zingathe kutayidwa m'nyumba. Zipangizozi zadziwika kuti ndi zoopsa kwambiri, zambiri kapena zimafuna chithandizo chapadera pamalo apadera. Pakhoza kukhala nkhawa zachitetezo, kuwonongeka kwa zida ndi/kapena nkhawa zamalamulo ngati dongosololi silikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Zinyalala zina za mankhwala, mwachitsanzo, sizingakonzedwe bwino, ndipo zinyalala zina za mankhwala sizoyenera kuwonongedwa bwino. Izi zidzadziwitsa ogwira ntchito zomwe ayenera kupewa kuti asachite zolakwika zilizonse komanso zingawathandize kusunga anthu ndi chilengedwe kukhala otetezeka ku zinyalala zachipatala zomwe zikuyikidwa m'nyumba. Dongosolo Lotaya Zinyalala Zamankhwala Pamalo .

Zinyalala za matenda: chifukwa chake zinthu za thupi zimafunikira kusamalidwa mwapadera

Zinyalala zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi minofu, ziwalo, ziwalo za thupi ndi madzi omwe amachotsedwa panthawi ya opaleshoni, biopsy kapena autopsy. Izi ndi zinyalala zomwe zimasiyana kwambiri ndi zinyalala zomwe zimachitika kuchipatala. Zimabweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu chifukwa zimatha kukhala ndi zinthu zoyambitsa matenda ndipo sizimaphwanyidwa bwino ndi machitidwe ambiri omwe ali pamalopo.

Zinyalala za mankhwala: mankhwala otha ntchito komanso oipitsidwa

Zinyalala za mankhwala ndi gulu la zinyalala zomwe zimaphatikizapo mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena oipitsidwa omwe amapezeka m'ma pharmacy, zipatala ndi zipatala komanso mankhwala omwe atha ntchito. Izi sizingawoneke ngati zinyalala zopatsirana, komanso ziyenera kusamalidwa mosamala. Zambiri mwa zinthuzi zitha kukhala ndi mankhwala omwe angagwirizane ndi machitidwe abwinobwino omwe ali pamalopo m'njira yosayembekezereka. Vuto ndilakuti zinyalala zambiri zachipatala zomwe zili pamalopo sizinapangidwe kuti ziwononge mankhwala onse. Zikakonzedwa popanda njira zoyenera zowongolera, zotsalira za mankhwala zitha kukhalabe m'zotsalira za mankhwala awa. Izi zitha kukhala zoopsa ngati zotsalirazo zayikidwa mwangozi m'nthaka kapena m'madzi.

Kufotokozera kwa zinyalala zamakemikolo ndi zotayira za radioactive

Mitsinje ina iwiri yomwe imapezeka kawirikawiri m'zipatala ndi m'ma laboratories, zomwe sizili zotetezeka kukonzedwa ndi zinyalala zachipatala zomwe zili pamalopo, ndi zinyalala zamakemikolo ndi zama radioactive. Zonsezi zimafuna kulamulidwa kwina chifukwa zimasiyana kwambiri ndi zinyalala zachipatala. Mankhwala omwe nthawi zambiri amaonedwa kuti ndi zinyalala zamakemikolo amaphatikizapo mankhwala ndi ma reagents a m'ma laboratories, mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa, mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ambiri mwa mankhwala amenewa ndi owononga, oyaka kapena oyambitsa matenda. Woyamba ndi mankhwala amphamvu ophera tizilombo m'zipinda zogwirira ntchito. Izi zitha kuwononga zida kapena zinthu zosatetezeka m'chipinda chochiritsira chomwe sichinapangidwe mankhwala otere. Kuphatikiza mankhwala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe nthawi zina n'kotheka, zomwe zingayambitse kutulutsa mpweya woipa.

Zida zazikulu zachitsulo: zoletsa ndi zoopsa

Zipangizo zazikulu zachitsulo zomwe zili m'malo ochiritsira odwala monga mathireyi opangira opaleshoni, zida zamafupa, ndi zida zolemera zosapanga dzimbiri zingawoneke ngati zinyalala zamankhwala wamba, koma sizingagwirizane bwino ndi njira zochiritsira zomwe zili pamalopo. Vuto si chiopsezo cha matenda okha, kukula kwake, kulemera kwake, ndi momwe zimayankhira zida zochiritsira. Zipangizo zochiritsira nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zofewa monga ma dressing, mapulasitiki ndi zinthu zazing'ono zosongoka. Zinthu zopangidwa ndi chitsulo chachikulu zimatha kuwononga zodulira kapena kutsekereza ziwalo zosuntha mkati, kapena kuchepetsa ntchito yodulira.

Zinyalala za poizoni ndi zofunikira pakutsata malamulo

Chimodzi mwa zinyalala zowopsa kwambiri zachipatala ndi zinyalala za poizoni, zomwe zimapezeka m'zipatala, makamaka m'magawo a khansa, m'mabungwe ofufuza komanso m'magawo ena a ma pharmacy. Zili ndi mankhwala omwe angakhudze thanzi la munthu kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kukhudza zinthu zomwe zili m'majini.